In vitro antibacterial and cytotoxicity assay of multilayered polyelectrolyte‐functionalized stainless steel

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Abstract
Infection of implanted materials by bacteria constitutes one of the most serious complications following prosthetic and implant surgery. In the present study, a new strategy for confering stainless steel with antibacterial property via the alternate deposition of quaternized polyethylenimine (PEI) or quaternized polyethylenimine‐silver complex and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was investigated. The success of the deposition of the polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEM) and its chemical nature was investigated by static water contact angle and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The antibacterial activity was assessed using Escherichia coli (E. coli, a gram‐negative bacterium) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, a gram‐positive bacterium). The inhibition of E. coli and S aureus growth on the surface of functionalized films was clearly shown using the LIVE/DEAD Baclight bacterial viability kits and fluorescence microscopy. The cytotoxicity of the PEM to mammalian cells, evaluated by the MTT assay, was shown to be minimal and long‐term antibacterial efficacy can be maintained. These results indicate new possibilities for the use of such easily built and functionalized architectures for the functionalization of surfaces of implanted medical devices. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006

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