Maureen Lux’s Separate Beds provides a sophisticated analysis of the complex history of Indian Hospitals in Canada. Lux sees this history in the broader context of twentieth-century Canadian health services, health policy, and medical science, which lifts the analysis beyond frameworks of either victimization or binary constructs of colonizer and colonized. Rather, examining multiple, complex influences, Lux argues that Indian hospitals were intimately connected to the establishment of general hospitals and public health insurance, the persistent medicalization and racialization of Aboriginal people’s health, and the enduring federal-provincial tension concerning Aboriginal health care. Separate Beds complicates the acclaimed equality and accessibility of the liberal Canadian health care system, highlighting the system’s marginalization of Aboriginal health. Lux employs a wide range of sources, convincingly arguing that Canada’s health economy has continuously disadvantaged Aboriginal people because of the way it systematically separated socio-political and, lately, environmental questions of clean water, housing, and employment from issues of health care. The book’s title, Separate Beds, stands as a metaphor of the systematic isolation of Aboriginal peoples, symbolizing the racism, inequality, and marginalization inherent in Canada’s health care system. Lux thus frames Canada’s alleged progressive and liberal health care system alongside the persistent “problem” of Aboriginal people’s poor health, emphasizing how these are interconnected rather than distinct narratives. Her analysis depicts a deep cultural and historical process of the normalization of inequity symbolized in the reality of separate wards, hospitals, and health services.