Co-Design of Smartphone- and Smartwatch- Based Occupational Health Visualizations in Office Environments

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Abstract
Office workers are exposed to a range of occupational health risks, including prolonged sedentary behaviour, postural load, elevated heart rate, and noise, yet objective and continuous monitoring of these risk factors in workplace settings remains uncommon. This study aimed to co-design occupational health visualizations based on smartphone and smartwatch data, through a multi-stakeholder group of office workers and occupational health professionals. A generative co-design framework was applied, comprising a pre-design phase with a field study and questionnaire, a structured multi-stakeholder workshop, and a follow-up evaluation session. Thematic analysis of the workshop transcript yielded 17 occupational health themes, which were subsequently assessed for technical feasibility relative to the available sensing platform. Of the 27 discrete visualization elements proposed across both groups, the majority were classified as directly addressable using smartphone and smartwatch sensor data. Visualizations covering physical activity and sedentary behaviour, heart rate, environmental noise exposure, and postural load were implemented in Python using real-world data collected from office workers. The follow-up session confirmed the interpretability and clarity of the developed visualizations. The generative co-design framework proved well-suited to the occupational health visualization context, enabling structured translation of stakeholder requirements into technically feasible and interpretable visualization outputs.
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