The effectiveness of telerehabilitation‐based exercise combined with pain neuroscience education for patients with facet joint arthrosis: A randomized controlled study

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Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the short‐term effectiveness of exercise combined with PNE and exercise alone via telerehabilitation for patients with low back pain (LBP) caused by facet joint arthrosis (FJA).Methods: This is a prospective, single‐blind, randomized‐controlled clinical trial. Forty–five patients with LBP caused by FJA were randomly allocated into three groups. The exercise (n = 15) and the exercise with PNE (n = 15) groups were provided interventions twice a week for six weeks via telerehabilitation. The control group (n = 15) was placed on the waiting list. The primary outcome measures were the numeric pain‐rating scale (NPRS) at rest and with activity, The Oswestry disability index (ODI), the pain beliefs questionnaire (PBQ), and secondary outcome measures were short form‐12v2 (SF‐12v2) and the global rating of change score (GROC).Results: The groups (52.00 ± 4.86, 46.7% female) were similar at baseline except for gender (p = 0.029). There was a significant group‐by‐time interaction for NPRS‐rest (F = 4.276, p = 0.021), NPRS‐activity (F = 12.327, p = 0.0001), the ODI (F = 23.122, p = 0.0001) and organic pain belief (F = 39.708, p = 0.0001). Further comparison with ANOVA showed that the exercise with PNE group showed better improvement in only organic pain belief (p = 0.0001). All groups reported improvements according to GROC, but it was higher in the intervention groups (p = 0.001).Conclusion: The patients who received exercise combined with PNE and exercise alone significantly improved pain intensity, disability and organic pain beliefs via telerehabilitation for patients with LBP caused by FJA compared to the control group. The PNE in addition to exercise may exhibit greater benefit in improving organic pain beliefs in short term.Significance: This study highlights that combining exercise with PNE can lead to greater improvements compared to exercise alone or no intervention for FJA patients. The implementation of PNE in physiotherapy sessions has the potential to offer significant benefits. Furthermore, our results highlight the promising role of telerehabilitation as an effective method for delivering interventions to individuals with FJA.

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