Accelerated and Enhanced Bone Formation on Novel Simvastatin‐Loaded Porous Titanium Oxide Surfaces

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Abstract
Background: With increasing application of dental implants in poor‐quality bones, the need for implant surfaces ensuring accelerated osseointegration and enhanced peri‐implant bone regeneration is increased.Purpose: A study was performed to evaluate the osseointegration and bone formation on novel simvastatin‐loaded porous titanium oxide surface.Materials and Methods: Titanium screws were treated by micro‐arc oxidation to form porous oxide surface and 25 or 50 μg of simvastatin was loaded. The nontreated control, micro‐arc oxidized, and simvastatin‐loaded titanium screws were surgically implanted into the proximal tibia of 16‐week‐old male Wistar rats (n = 36). Peri‐implant bone volume, bone‐implant contact, and mineral apposition rates were measured at 2 and 4 weeks. Data were analyzed by one‐way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test.Results: New bone was formed directly on the implant surface in the bone marrow cavity in simvastatin‐loaded groups since 2 weeks. Bone‐implant contact values were significantly higher in simvastatin‐loaded groups than control and micro‐arc oxidized groups at both time points (p < .05). Peri‐implant bone volume and mineral apposition rate of simvastatin‐loaded groups were significantly higher than control and micro‐arc oxidized groups at 2 weeks (p < .05).Conclusions: These data suggested that simvastatin‐loaded porous titanium oxide surface provides faster osseointegration and peri‐implant bone formation and it would be potentially applicable in poor‐quality bones.

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