We present studies on a series of photosynthetic reaction center (RC) mutants created in the background of the Rhodobacter capsulatus DLL mutant, in which the D helix of the M subunit has been substituted with that from the L subunit. Previous work on the DLL mutant in chromatophore preparations showed that RCs assembled without the bacteriopheophytin HL electron acceptor and performed no charge separation following light absorption. We have successfully isolated poly-His-tagged DLL RCs by using the detergent Deriphat 160-C and shown that the RCs are devoid of HL. The excited state of the primary electron donor, P*, is found to have a lifetime of 180 ± 20 ps and to decay exclusively (>95%) via internal conversion to the ground state, with no evidence for formation of any charge-separated intermediates. By additional mutation in the DLL background of two residues that affect the P/P+ oxidation potential and one that facilitates M-side electron transfer, we achieve an unprecedented 70% yield of P+HM-, more than doubling the highest yield of this state achieved previously. This result underscores the importance of the relative free energies of P* and the charge-separated states in governing the rates and yields of electron transfer in bacterial RCs and provides a basis for systematically investigating M-side electron transfer without any competition from the native L-side pathway.