Evaluating PID adaptive techniques for industrial implementation

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Abstract
This paper outlines several adaptive techniques considered for implementation in the PID controller. It presents frequency domain interpolators for tracking ultimate gain and ultimate period, model-free tuning based on balancing P and I terms, and the adaptation of controller switching and model switching with the interpolation of parameters. From the perspective of the authors, a model switching technique using the interpolation of parameters offers a clear advantage, particularly for feedforward/feedback loops and multivariable control.