Implementation of MPC and PID Control Algorithms to the Artificial Pancreas for Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

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Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) patients live with the need for insulin replacement for life. Closed-loop therapies or Artificial Pancreas consist of a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pump, a continuous glucose monitoring sensor, and a control algorithm. It automatically adjusts insulin infusion in real time, functioning as a healthy pancreas would regulate glucose levels through the administration of hormones with little or no user input. The control algorithms widely used for artificial pancreas development are Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) and these are adapted to help TD1M patients to regulate their blood glucose levels.The development of the artificial pancreas has to consider disturbances such as meal intake and physical activity. These disturbances can be unannounced which can bring blood glucose levels down and cause hypoglycemia. Therefore, in this work, two control algorithms are compared facing meal intake and exercise to compensate for the effects of exercise and food and avoid hypoglycemia.

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