CD4+ effector T cell distribution in vivo: TGF‐β1/TGF‐β receptor II interaction during activation mediates accumulation in the target tissue by preferential proliferation

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Abstract
CD4+ effector T cells generated in mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN) leave into the blood. Although they enter many tissues, mLN effector T cells are later found preferentially in the gut,the drainage area of mLN. We show in the rat that this is not an intrinsic property of mLN T cells. Instead, within the mLN milieu T cells are instructed by cytokines such as transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) to up‐regulate TGF‐β receptor II (TGF‐βRII) during activation. This enables effector T cells to continue proliferation upon subsequent contact with TGF‐β1 in mLNand gut, and to accumulate in the lymph node draining area, the most likely site of pathogen invasion.

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