Uveitis in human immunodeficiency virus‐infected persons with CD4+ T‐lymphocyte count over 200 cells/mL

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Abstract
Background: Introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy has altered the course of disease for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus by elevating CD4+ T‐lymphocyte levels. Changes in the spectrum of systemic diseases encountered in human immunodeficiency virus‐positive individuals are reported in the general medical literature.Design: Retrospective case series.Participants: Sixty‐one individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus, who presented with uveitis when the peripheral CD4+ T‐lymphocyte count was over 200 cells/μL.Methods: Standardized data collection at seven tertiary‐referral inflammatory eye disease clinics.Main Outcome Measures: Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature anatomic classification and descriptors, cause of uveitis, and visual acuityResults: Peripheral CD4+ T cell counts varied between 207 and 1777 (median = 421) cells/μL at the time of diagnosis of uveitis. Uveitis was classified anatomically as anterior (47.5%), intermediate (6.6%), anterior/intermediate (16.4%), posterior (14.8%) and pan (14.8%). Specific causes of uveitis included infections (34.4%), with syphilis responsible for 16.4% of all cases, and defined immunological disorders (27.0%); no cause for the inflammation was identified in 34.4% of persons. Visual acuity was better than 6/15 in 66.7% and 6/60 or worse in 11.8% of 93 eyes at presentation, and better than 6/15 in 82.4% and 6/60 or worse in 8.8% of 34 eyes at 1 year of follow‐up.Conclusions: Both infectious and non‐infectious forms of uveitis occur in individuals who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus and have preserved or restored peripheral CD4+ T cell levels. Individuals who are human immunodeficiency virus‐positive and present with uveitis should be evaluated in the same way all patients with uveitis are assessed.

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