A Tale of Two Origins: In Situ versus Accreted Nitrogen-rich Field Stars in the MW

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Abstract
Spectroscopic surveys have identified significant numbers of metal-poor nitrogen-rich (N-rich) field stars. These stars are strong candidates for escapees from globular clusters (GCs), as their distinctive nitrogen enhancement mirrors the chemical patterns observed in some of the members of GCs. As part of the effort to characterize their chemodynamical properties, we derived abundances for up to 25 elements in a sample of 33 N-rich field giant stars (18 of them are studied for the first time) using high-resolution optical spectroscopy. We confirm their elevated abundances of N, Na, and Al, strongly supporting a GC origin. Given that Galactic GCs themselves formed within diverse progenitor galaxies, we sought to identify the ancestral systems of these N-rich field stars. By analyzing their dynamical parameters, we separated the sample into high-energy (HE) and low-energy (LE) groups. The HE group exhibits lower [ α /Fe] and enhanced r -process abundances compared to the LE group. This indicates that the HE stars likely escaped from GCs accreted from massive dwarf galaxies (e.g., Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus), while the LE stars probably originated from in situ GCs. We also find that the chemical pattern of these N-rich stars with [Fe/H] ⪅ −1.0 is similar to that of the high-redshift “N-emitters.” Furthermore, orbital integrations revealed a close encounter between one N-rich field star and the GC NGC 6235. Our work demonstrates the potential of using chemodynamical analyses to trace Galactic assembly through chemical peculiar stars, while highlighting that larger samples and more precise data in the future are crucial to establish definitive origins.
Funding Information
  • MOST ∣ National Natural Science Foundation of China (12233013)
  • MOE ∣ Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (24qnpy121)
  • MOST ∣ National Natural Science Foundation of China (12473035)

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