Dynamic ultrasound enables quantitative assessment of medial knee instability: A scoping review

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Abstract
Purpose: To map the scientific literature on the use of dynamic ultrasound in the assessment of medial knee instability. Methods: Primary (clinical or experimental) and secondary studies that used dynamic ultrasound to assess medial knee opening were included. There were no restrictions on language or date. Sources of information: The searches were conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and CINAHL databases. Data selection and extraction: The process of data selection and extraction was conducted by two independent reviewers. The information was organised into thematic tables and a conceptual matrix was developed based on the components of population, concept, and context. Results: Ten studies were included: two biomechanical, six clinical, and two reviews. Ultrasound demonstrated good reliability in measuring medial opening and distinguishing between injured and normal knees. Heterogeneity was observed in the stress protocols, evaluation angles, units of measurement, and anatomical points. Conclusions: Dynamic ultrasound presents consolidated clinical potential in the assessment of medial knee instability. Standardisation of methods and additional clinical validation are necessary. Level of Evidence: Not applicable.

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