NEUTRON STARS: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

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Abstract
Recent developments in neutron star theory and observation are discussed. Based on modern nucleon-nucleon potentials more reliable equations of state for dense nuclear matter have been constructed. Furthermore, phase transitions such as pion, kaon and hyperon condensation, superfluidity and quark matter can occur in cores of neutron stars. Specifically, the nuclear to quark matter phase transition and its mixed phases with intriguing structures are treated. Rotating neutron stars with and without phase transitions are discussed and compared to observed masses, radii and glitches. The observations of possible heavy ~2M⊙ neutron stars in X-ray binaries and quasi-periodic oscillations require relatively stiff equations of state and restrict strong phase transitions to occur at very high nuclear densities only.
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