GC-MS based chemical fingerprinting large cardamom cultivars of Sikkim

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Abstract
Amomum subulatum Roxb, also known as large cardamom, is an herbaceous plant cultivated in Sikkim, India for its aromatic seeds with diverse applications in food, beverages, perfumery, and medicine. The study aimed to GC-MS based chemical fingerprinting through analyzing volatile compounds in seeds and assess the relatedness among seven large cardamom cultivars grown in the Sikkim hill region. The results revealed significant differences in volatile compounds among the cultivars. The major compounds identified were 1,8-cineole (76.37-90.63%), α-terpineol (1.73-13.40%), α-terpinolene (0.23-11.51%), β-pinene (0.54-4.13%), γ-terpinolene (0.77-4.47%), and α-pinene (0.35-1.86%). These compounds possess notable antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antibacterial properties. Through PCA and dendrogram analyses, it was observed that ICRI SKM-1 showed similarity to ICRI SKM-2 and Seremna, while Ramsey, Ramla, and Sawney exhibited close relatedness based on their phytochemical composition. These findings have important implications for large cardamom breeding programs. These findings also suggest that large cardamom seed extracts could have potential commercial applications in various industries, including medicine, food, and cosmetics.

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