Serological insights of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in podolic cattle bred in Italy

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Abstract
We evaluated the presence of antibodies against Orthonairovirus haemorrhagiae , formerly Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in the serum of podolic cattle from southern Italy. A subset of 20 sera (18 positive and 2 negative) from the initial 670 bovine samples screened by commercial ELISA kit were further evaluated by indirect ELISA and virus neutralization tests. Across the three serological assays, antibodies against CCHFV were detected in a proportion of samples, though the results were not fully concordant and varied according to the assay applied. These findings highlight the need for multiple tests to more accurately assess CCHFV circulation in free-range cattle, particularly in non-endemic areas, and emphasize the importance of careful interpretation when relying on serology alone.

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