First-Order Dynamic Controller Design for Grid-Tied Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator

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Abstract
This paper considers control of a grid-tied Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) employing a variable-speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). The system configuration consists of two back-to-back Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) for grid integration. Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers having limited control freedom are still favorable for such applications due to their simpler embedded realizations. To overcome the limitations of PI controllers, a Decentralized Dynamic Output Feedback (DDOF) controller that consists of a first-order dynamic compensator replacing the proportional term in the PI one while retaining the integral term is proposed in this paper. The controller is designed within a decentralized H∞ framework exploiting the coupled dq-axis dynamics in both the machine-side and grid-side VSCs. The design incorporates regional pole-placement constraints to ensure desired damping and transient response characteristics, whereas the structural formulation preserves convexity, allowing different weighting specifications for individual subsystems to realize multiobjective performance. The resulting controller enhances disturbance rejection and robustness while maintaining a simple first-order plus integral control structure, which is suitable for real-time implementation on embedded processors. Experimental validation on a 5 HP laboratory-scale PMSG-based WECS demonstrates superior steady-state accuracy and transient performance compared to conventional PI and disturbance observer-based PI control, confirming the benefits of the proposed control approach.
Funding Information
  • Anusandhan National Research Foundation (CRG/2018/004481)

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