Older adults can outperform younger adults in creative problem solving

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Abstract
Background: This study investigated the impact of aging on creative problem solving, focusing on the ability to resist fixation and generate original ideas. Previous research has suggested that creativity peaks in middle adulthood, followed by a decline that is linked to reduced executive functions. However, emerging evidence challenges this view, highlighting that older adults may utilize broader associative networks and prior knowledge to maintain their creativity. Method: Young adults, middle-aged adults, and older adults completed a creative task requiring them to generate solutions to a problem while resisting fixation. The participants also rated the creativity of their ideas, and their executive functioning was assessed. Results: The results revealed that older adults generated more original and expansive responses than younger and middle-aged adults did, particularly during initial responses. This advantage appears to be linked to leveraging distant associations rather than superior executive control. Temporal analysis revealed that older adults performed better in generating original ideas early in the task but did not sustain this advantage as the task progressed. Conclusion: These findings suggest that while aging is associated with some types of cognitive decline, it also fosters unique cognitive strengths that can enhance certain aspects of creativity. The findings of the current study underscore the need to reconsider stereotypes about aging and creativity and highlights the interplay of executive and associative processes in creative ideation.
Funding Information
  • Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-18-CE26-0013-01 AppLeaC)
  • Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-22-CE41-0002 AD-ECO)

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