GNN-Enhanced Traffic Anomaly Detection for Next-Generation SDN-Enabled Consumer Electronics

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Abstract
Consumer electronics (CE) connected to the Internet of Things are susceptible to various attacks, including DDoS and web-based threats, which can compromise their functionality and facilitate remote hijacking. These vulnerabilities allow attackers to exploit CE for broader system attacks while enabling the propagation of malicious code across the CE network, resulting in device failures. Existing deep learning-based traffic anomaly detection systems exhibit high accuracy in traditional network environments but are often overly complex and reliant on static infrastructure, necessitating manual configuration and management. To address these limitations, we propose a scalable network model that integrates Software-defined Networking (SDN) and Compute First Networking (CFN) for next-generation CE networks. In this network model, we propose a Graph Neural Networks-based Network Anomaly Detection framework (GNN-NAD) that integrates SDN-based CE networks and enables the CFN architecture. GNN-NAD uniquely fuses a static, vulnerability-aware attack graph with dynamic traffic features, providing a holistic view of network security. The core of the framework is a GNN model (GSAGE) for graph representation learning, followed by a Random Forest (RF) classifier. This design (GSAGE+RF) demonstrates superior performance compared to existing feature selection methods. Experimental evaluations on CE environment reveal that GNN-NAD achieves superior metrics in accuracy, recall, precision, and F1 score, even with small sample sizes, exceeding the performance of current network anomaly detection methods. This work advances the security and efficiency of next-generation intelligent CE networks.
Funding Information
  • Taiwan Academic Cybersecurity Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
  • National Science and Technology Council (114-2221-E-002-217)
  • National Science and Technology Council (114-2622-E-A49-022)
  • National Science and Technology Council (114-2221-E-A49-210)
  • National Science and Technology Council (114-2634-F-011-002-MBK)
  • National Science and Technology Council (114-2923-E-194-001-MY3)
  • National Taiwan University (NTU) and the NTU Core Consortium Project as part of the Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education in Taiwan (NTU-CC-114L895501)
  • National Taiwan University (NTU) and the NTU Core Consortium Project as part of the Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education in Taiwan (NTU-G0647)
  • Department of Industrial Technology, Ministry of Economic Affairs, through the “2025 ITRI Advanced Research Program,” (114-EC-17-A-21-0337)
  • Hon Hai Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan (114UA90042)
  • Industry-Academia Innovation School, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (NYCU), Taiwan (113UC2N006)

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