Toward intelligent control of MeV electrons and protons from kHz repetition rate ultra-intense laser interactions

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Abstract
Ultra-intense laser–matter interactions are often difficult to predict from first principles because of the complexity of plasma processes and the many degrees of freedom relating to the laser and target parameters. An important approach to controlling and optimizing ultra-intense laser interactions involves gathering large datasets and using these data to train statistical and machine learning models. In this paper, we describe experimental efforts to accelerate electrons and protons to ∼MeV energies with this goal in mind. These experiments involve a 1 kHz repetition rate ultra-intense laser system with ∼10 mJ per shot, a peak intensity near 5 × 1018 W/cm2, and a “liquid leaf” target. Improvements to the data acquisition capabilities of this laser system greatly aided this investigation. Generally, we find that the trained models were very effective in controlling the numbers of MeV electrons ejected. The models were less successful at shifting the energy range of ejected electrons. Simultaneous control of the numbers of ∼MeV electrons and the energy range will be the subject of future experimentation using this platform.
Funding Information
  • National Science Foundation (2109222)
  • Air Force Office of Scientific Research
  • Ohio Supercomputer Center

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