Endoscopic management of gastroesophageal reflux disease: Panacea for proton pump inhibitors dependent/refractory patients

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Abstract
Endoscopic therapies in proton pump inhibitors (PPI) dependent/refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are increasingly indicated in patients who are not suitable or willing for chronic medical therapy and surgical fundoplication. Currently available endoluminal anti‐reflux procedures include radiofrequency therapy (Stretta), suturing/plication and mucosal ablation/resection techniques at the gastroesophageal junction. Meticulous work up and patient selection results in a favorable outcome with these endoscopic therapies, especially the quality of life and partially the PPI independence. Stretta can be considered in patients with PPI refractory GERD and might have a role in patients with reflux hypersensitivity and functional heartburn. Endoscopic fundoplication using the Esophyx device and the GERD‐X device have strong evidence (multiple randomized controlled trials) in patients with small hiatus hernia and high volume reflux episodes. Mucosal resection/ablation techniques like anti‐reflux mucosectomy and anti‐reflux mucosal ablation have shown promising results but need long term follow‐up studies to prove their efficacy. The subset of PPI dependent GERD population will benefit from endoscopic therapies and the future of endoscopic management of GERD looks promising.

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