Effects of Varieties, Cultivation Methods, and Origins of Citrus sinensis ‘hongjiang’ on Volatile Organic Compounds: HS-SPME-GC/MS Analysis Coupled with OPLS-DA

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Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Citrus sinensis ‘hongjiang’ oranges significantly vary depending on the fruit variety, cultivation mode, and cultivation location. The effect of these three factors on VOCs was experimentally determined in this study. In total, 102 VOCs were separated via headspace solid-phase microextraction and identified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the differential components were analyzed by partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The VOCs of ‘hongjiang’ mainly comprised alkenes, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones. They were well clustered in OPLS-DA and principal component analysis (PCA), and the seven groups were distinctly differentiated. The results of the S-plot, variable importance in projection (VIP), and heatmap analyses showed that these factors had a significant impact on VOCs in ‘hongjiang’. The characteristic VOCs between the two pairs were significant, while the net room cultivation mode had the most substantial effect on VOCs.
Funding Information
  • Guangdong Specialists Project in 2021 (No. 2021A05219)
  • Agricultural Technology Experiment Demonstration and Service Support for Reclamation Project in 2019 (2130106190104-12, 2130106190104-13)
  • Agricultural Technology Experiment Demonstration and Service Support Project in 2020 (213010619010401)
  • Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province High-level Talent Project (321RC634)
  • Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Regional Collaborative Innovation Special Project (SCO Science and Technology Partnership Program) (2022E01023)
  • Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund (NO. 1630062022006)

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