Comparing Survival Outcomes of Patients With LI‐RADS‐M Hepatocellular Carcinomas and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinomas

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Abstract
Background: There is a sparsity of data evaluating outcomes of patients with Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI‐RADS) (LR)‐M lesions.Purpose: To compare overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) meeting LR‐M criteria and to evaluate factors associated with prognosis.Study Type: Retrospective.Subjects: Patients at risk for HCC with at least one LR‐M lesion with histologic diagnosis, from 8 academic centers, yielding 120 patients with 120 LR‐M lesions (84 men [mean age 62 years] and 36 women [mean age 66 years]).Field Strength/Sequence: A 1.5 and 3.0 T/3D T1‐weighted gradient echo, T2‐weighted fast spin‐echo.Assessment: The imaging categorization of each lesion as LR‐M was made clinically by a single radiologist at each site and patient outcome measures were collected.Statistical Tests: OS, PFS, and potential independent predictors were evaluated by Kaplan–Meier method, log‐rank test, and Cox proportional hazard model. A P value of P = 0.576). There were no significant differences between patients with HCC and iCCA in terms of sex (47:18 vs. 37:18, P = 0.549), age (63.0 ± 8.4 vs. 63.4 ± 7.8, P = 0.847), etiology of liver disease (P = 0.202), presence of cirrhosis (100% vs. 100%, P = 1.000), tumor size (4.73 ± 3.28 vs. 4.75 ± 2.58, P = 0.980), method of lesion histologic diagnosis (P = 0.646), and proportion of patients who underwent locoregional therapy (60.0% vs. 38.2%, P = 0.100) or surgery (134.8 ± 165.5 vs. 142.5 ± 205.6, P = 0.913). Using multivariable analysis, nonsurgical compared to surgical management (HR, 4.58), larger tumor size (HR, 1.19), and higher MELD score (HR, 1.12) were independently associated with worse OS.Data Conclusion: There was similar OS in patients with LR‐M HCC and LR‐M iCCA, suggesting that LR‐M imaging features may more closely reflect patient outcomes than histology.Evidence Level: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 5

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