Survival Rates for Patients With Barrett High-grade Dysplasia and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma With or Without Human Papillomavirus Infection

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Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is one of the fastest-growing and deadliest cancers in the Western world,1,2 although recently the rate of increase has diminished and possibly plateaued in the United States and Sweden.3,4 Currently, Barrett esophagus (BE) is the only recognized visible precursor lesion for EAC. Intriguingly, these high rates of EAC have occurred against a backdrop of progressive reduction in the risk estimate of malignancy associated with BE.5 In this regard, our discovery of a strong association of transcriptionally active high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) with a subset of Barrett dysplasia (BD) and EAC5 may be relevant.

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