10-mode PM-QPSK transmission over 2320 km enabled by optimized mode permutation strategies

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Abstract
In order to overcome the capacity limits of long-haul communication systems in single-mode fibers, mode-division multiplexing based on few-mode fibers (FMFs) is expected to greatly increase the per-fiber capacity. However, the signal pulse spread, induced by differential mode delay (DMD), and mode-dependent loss (MDL) are limiting factors in long-haul transmission, especially for a high mode count. Here, we develop the guidelines for identifying superior mode permutation strategies (MPSs) among a huge number of MPSs; 25 MPSs are found by taking DMD distribution of the FMFs into account and verified in experiments to greatly mitigate the DMD and MDL. For the first time, to our knowledge, we demonstrate a 15-Gbaud PM-QPSK 10-mode transmission over 2320 km, with a reach extension by 1000 km and a three times larger system capacity-distance product than those of previously reported works.
Funding Information
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (62405217)
  • Key Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province (2025YFHZ0020)

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