Design of Polymer–Ceramic–Composite Flexible Films of Polyvinylidene fluoride–NaNbO 3 as Energy Harvesters

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Abstract
Flexible energy storage/energy harvester devices are crucial to cater to the energy needs of various forms of flexible products in advanced technology. Polymer–ceramics composite systems are recognized and extensively explored for the development of flexible devices for various applied fields. In this work, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)–NaNbO 3 composite flexible films are developed. Ceramic phase NaNbO 3 is prepared by the hydrothermal synthesis method. The X‐ray diffraction, followed by Rietveld refinement, confirms a pure phase with an orthorhombic structure. The composite films are synthesized by the solution casting method in various compositions of PVDF:NaNbO 3 (wt% 95:05, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of all thin films is carried out to identify functional groups of the organic phase and corresponding deformation by the ceramic blend. Dielectric behavior in terms of dielectric constant and dissipation factor is investigated to justify its ability as an energy harvester. The ferroelectric behavior studied by the polarization‐electric (P‐E) loop tracer exhibits significant modulations in coercivity and remnant polarization. A prototype model of the energy harvesting system is fabricated, and its feasibility as an energy harvester is revealed by using a Digital storage oscilloscope. Weight% 0.85 PVDF–weight% 0.15 NaNbO 3 composite systems have delivered around 9 V output voltage pulse just by using human figure pressure with V rms 4.02 at applied load resistance 33 MΩ.
Funding Information
  • RTMNU (RTMNU/RDC/2024/288)

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