Microplásticos en aguas superficiales y sedimentos de manglar en tres islas del Archipiélago de Jambelí, Ecuador

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Abstract
Microplastic pollution has become one of the most serious environmental threats to aquatic ecosystems, affecting both biodiversity and essential ecosystem services. Given its persistence and cumulative effects, it is crucial to assess the presence of microplastics in water bodies, especially in sensitive ecosystems such as mangroves. The study focused on the presence of microplastics in surface waters and mangrove sediments on three islands in the Jambelí archipelago, Ecuador. Different types of microplastics were identified and analyzed, with fibers being the most common, especially on the islands of Bellavista and Costa Rica. The results revealed higher concentrations in areas close to human activities such as fishing and tourism, and highlighted the importance of mangroves as natural sinks for these pollutants. A diversity of colors was observed, especially in sediments, suggesting a process of plastic degradation, with a predominance of colors such as blue, red, and black. The results highlight the need to monitor microplastic pollution in these ecosystems to assess its impact on biodiversity and ecosystem services essential to local communities. The research provides key data for the development of conservation and sustainable management strategies for mangroves

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