Undifferentiated Human Adipose Tissue–Derived Stromal Cells Induce Mandibular Bone Healing in Rats

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Abstract
Mandibular bone defects, often resulting from trauma and demolitive surgery for tumoral diseases, represent a burden in otolaryngology clinical practice. Mandibular reconstruction is, in fact, usually hindered by the anatomical situation of the bone, which is prominent, lacks complete joint support, and is subjected to the muscular forces that can possibly distract the fracture site.1 Current strategies for reconstructing bony defects are essentially based on 3 possible approaches: autograft bone, allograft bone, and artificial bone.2,3 Autologous bone grafting still represents the gold standard because of its convenience, safety, therapeutic efficacy, and lack of immunity. Nevertheless, donor site morbidity issues and the complexity of surgical procedures affect the possible application of autografts in cases of large bone defects and increase the risk of surgical complications.4

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