Chemical and genetic similarity betweenDalbergia ecastaphyllumand red propolis from the Northeastern Brazil

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Abstract
Dalbergia ecastaphyllum was found to be the botanical origin of Brazilian red propolis by chemical and molecular studies increasing the interest in research with this plant species. The National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), Brazil granted the designation of origin to red propolis and red propolis extract from Alagoas state whose composition includes, among other chemical compounds, formononetin and daidzein. However, several studies have identified the chemical markers of this product in samples of D. ecastaphyllum and propolis of Sergipe state. The objective of this study was to compare the chemical and genetic identity between D. ecastaphyllum populations and propolis samples collected from the north (Alagoas) and south (Sergipe) banks of the São Francisco river also known as the lower São Francisco region. D. ecastaphyllum samples and propolis from this region showed similar chromatographic profiles and ESI (−) – MS fingerprints. The markers formononetin, biochanin A and daidzein were found in D. ecastaphyllum and propolis collected from Sergipe and Alagoas. DNA sequencing demonstrated that Dalbergia population from Alagoas and Sergipe are highly homogeneous, having exactly the same haplotype. Thus D. ecastaphyllum from the lower São Francisco have the same genetic characteristics and chemical profiles including the chemical markers considered for propolis from Alagoas, asking for more comparative studies between propolis produced in the northeastern region of Brazil with the possible extension of geographical indication to other states as well.

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