Evolving Patterns in the Detection and Outcomes of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

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Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) are rare entities with a wide spectrum of clinical presentation. The secretion of hormonal products into the blood results in functional neoplasms that cause clinical symptoms, and thus they are classified according to their hormonal product.1 In contrast, nonfunctional neoplasms do not secrete a hormonal product with a known clinical effect, and usually disease does not become apparent until they are large enough to cause impingement of adjacent structures with symptoms of jaundice, abdominal pain, or weight loss.2,3

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