Multi-axis diamond anvil cell (MDAC) as a triaxial deformation apparatus for high pressure studies

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Abstract
We describe the use of a multi-axis diamond anvil cell (MDAC) as a triaxial deformation apparatus for high-pressure studies with in situ synchrotron x-ray diagnostics. The MDAC employs six independently driven diamond anvils in a cubic geometry, enabling near-uniform compression to high pressures followed by controlled differential loading along orthogonal axes. This architecture largely decouples pressure generation from deviatoric stress application—a persistent limitation of conventional diamond anvil cells (DACs)—and provides independent control of the stress path. We present the experimental methodology, including lattice-strain analysis adapted for the MDAC geometry, sample-strain measurement using combined encoder readings and x-ray radiography, texture analysis, and detector calibration for modular area detectors. The capabilities of the device are demonstrated through deformation experiments on polycrystalline MgO at ∼12 GPa. The MDAC preserves a nearly texture-free sample state during initial near-uniform compression and resolves the onset of lattice preferred orientation development, lattice-strain reflection ordering and its reversal upon yielding, and subsequent plastic evolution. Comparison with results from deformation-DIA and conventional DAC experiments in the literature indicates that the MDAC can access deformation states that are difficult to isolate in existing devices. The instrument is applicable to a broad range of materials that require controlled multi-axis stress states at high pressure and simultaneous structural and textural characterization.
Funding Information
  • U.S. Department of Energy—NNSA (DE-NA0004153)
  • U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC02-06CH11357)

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