Kinetic-Controlled Synthesis of Walnut-like Core–Shell Magnetic Mesoporous Silica Microspheres for Enhanced Enzyme Loading and Biocatalytic Performance

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Abstract
Magnetic mesoporous materials, integrating magnetic nanoparticles and mesoporous structures, have great potential in biomedicine, catalysis, and the environment. This study develops a novel core-shell nanocarrier (CS-WMM: magnetic core-flower-like MnO2 mesoporous layer-silica shell) for efficient lipase immobilization and enhanced phytosterol esters synthesis. Via a surfactant-free kinetic-controlled interfacial assembly, walnut-like dual-mesoporous microspheres (inner flower-like MnO2, outer mesoporous SiO2: 4.8 nm pore, 158.61 m2/g surface) are constructed, enabling a high enzyme loading (210 mg g-1) and improved substrate diffusion. Compared with Fe3O4@MnO2, CS-WMM achieves 78.33% esterification conversion and retains 55.03% activity after 7 cycles via dual-mesoporous synergy. This work provides a novel material design strategy with high loading capacity and structural stability for hydrophobic substrate-driven biocatalytic systems, which holds potential applications in food lipid processing, biopharmaceuticals, and other fields.
Funding Information
  • Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (JZ2025HGTG0263, PA2024GDGP0037)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (32372282)
  • Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (2202085J04)

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