Technical Contributions of the Push Model to the Health Product Supply Chain in Benin in 2025

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Abstract
Background: In Benin, two third of health facilities experienced stockouts for at least one tracer product, revealing persistent weaknesses in supply chain management. To address this, the Couffo department adopted the PUSH model in one health zone while maintaining the PULL model in another. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the technical contributions of the PUSH model to health product supply chain performance through a comparative analysis of both logistics models. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study with an evaluative and analytical purpose was conducted across 32 public health facilities in the Couffo department from September 2024 to February 2025. Data on inputs, processes, and outcomes were collected via observations, interviews, and documentary review, then analysed using the Varkevisser scale and comparative statistical tests (Chi-squared, Fisher's exact, Student's t-test) at the 5% significance threshold. Results: The PUSH model demonstrated higher overall performance (86.13% vs. 71.0%). Stockout frequency was significantly lower (31.48% vs. 68.52%; OR=0.21; p<0.001), delivery lead times shorter (8.2 vs. 20.9 days), and distribution (93.3% vs. 36.1%) and quality assurance scores (100% vs. 66.6%) substantially higher. Conclusion: The PUSH model significantly improves supply chain efficiency. Its gradual extension, supported by appropriate technical and financial assistance, is recommended to sustain universal access to quality health products in Benin.

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