Mass Flow Scaling of Gas-Assisted Coaxial Atomizers

This study aims to derive basic principles for liquid mass flow scaling of gas-assisted coaxial nozzles. Four liquid mass flow steps were investigated in the range of ${\dot{M}}_{liq}$ = 20–500 kg·h${}^{-1}$, applying four atomizers with similar geometry designed at $W{e}_{aero}=$ const. High-speed camera and phase Doppler anemometer were utilized to detect the local droplet size distribution. To estimate a reliable measurement plane, a detection method and determination according to the free jet theory was used. The resulting droplet size was analyzed, applying the aerodynamic Weber number, as well as the gas momentum flow. An empirical model was derived out of the measured data, which allows for liquid mass flow scaling when process parameters such as $GLR$, liquid mass flow, and required Sauter mean diameter are specified. The model was developed as a first step towards liquid mass flow scaling of gas-assisted coaxial atomizers within the investigated range of operating conditions.