A multiangle imaging spectroradiometer for terrestrial remote sensing from the earth observing system

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Abstract
The Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument for the Earth Observing System (EOS) will provide a unique opportunity for studying the ecology and climate of the Earth through the acquisition of systematic, global multiangle imagery in reflected sunlight. MISR employs nine discrete cameras pointed at fixed angles, viewing the nadir direction and forward and aftward along the spacecraft ground track. Each camera is a charge‐coupled‐device –based pushbroom imager. Within a 7‐minute period, every point in a 204‐km‐wide swath is imaged at the nine viewing angles, ensuring observations acquired under virtually identical illumination and atmospheric conditions. The cameras will image the Earth in the nadir direction and at 30.7°, 45.6°, 60.0°, and 72.5° forward and aftward of the local vertical at the Earth's surface. Images at each angle will be obtained in four spectral bands centered at 440, 550, 670, and 860 nm. MISR is capable of taking image data in two different spatial resolution modes: Local Mode, in which selected targets are observed with 240‐m spatial sampling, and Global Mode, where the entire sunlit Earth is observed continuously with 1.92‐km sampling. Absolute radiometric calibration of the MISR instrument will be performed in‐flight using special on‐board hardware. The data produced by MISR will be valuable in a number of scientific discipline areas, and MISR images and geophysical products will be archived at the EOS Data and Information System to make them available to the broad scientific community.

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