Xenotransplantation Involving Porcine-Derived Products in Islam and Judaism: Attitudes Based on Religion, Culture, Ethical Views, and Perceived Knowledge

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Abstract
Background: Xenotransplantation from genetically modified pigs is emerging as a potential solution to organ shortages, yet, faces religious and cultural barriers, particularly, in the Muslim and Jewish communities whose religions prohibit using pigs for consumption, commerce, and medical treatment. While exceptions exist for life-saving cases, research addressing public perceptions and religious concerns remains limited, obstructing medically informed decisions by these populations. Objectives: The primary research aim was to assess the level of knowledge among Muslim and Jewish individuals regarding religious rulings on the use of porcine organs in medical situations. Additionally, the study evaluated participants’ personal attitudes toward the acceptability of such use. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire completed by 884 Muslim and 916 Jewish participants. The questionnaire examined two main domains: (1) knowledge of religious doctrines concerning the permissibility of pig-derived organ transplantation, and (2) personal attitudes toward the ethical and religious acceptability of such procedures. Results: The results demonstrated a low level of awareness among both Muslim and Jewish participants regarding the religious permissions for medical use of porcine organs. A majority in both groups expressed opposition to pig-derived xenotransplantation. Importantly, the data revealed a strong association between the participants’ knowledge of religious rulings and their attitudes toward such medical interventions. Conclusion: This study reveals a critical gap in public understanding about religious exemptions for life-saving porcine organ transplantation within Muslim and Jewish communities. The findings emphasize the need for better education and culturally sensitive informed consent to support ethically grounded medical decisions regarding xenotransplantation.

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