Examining Components of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Among Children With Suicide Ideation or Attempts

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Abstract
Introduction: Limited research has examined the circumstances surrounding childhood suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The interpersonal psychological theory of suicide proposes that suicidal desire arises from perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, and that suicide attempts result from an acquired capability for suicide. No published study, of which we are aware, has tested whether this theory applies to children’s suicidal thoughts or behaviors. The present study examined whether components of the interpersonal psychological theory of suicide would be present in the narratives of children who presented for clinical care with suicide ideation or attempts. Methods: Thirty-nine children, ages 7–12 years, recruited from two public hospitals and one outpatient clinic, completed semi-structured interviews assessing the circumstances surrounding their recent suicide ideation or attempts. Interviews were analyzed thematically using a hybrid inductive-deductive approach. Results: Findings indicated that thwarted belongingness stemmed from loneliness, perceived rejection, and a lack of reciprocal care. Themes reflecting perceived burdensomeness included internalized criticism, low self-esteem, and perceived liability. Children described experiences, such as physical punishment, that may contribute to acquired capability for suicide. Discussion: These findings support the relevance of the interpersonal psychological theory of suicide in childhood and underscore the critical role caregivers play in protecting children from suicide-related risk.
Funding Information
  • National Institute of Mental Health (MH091873)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (MH120846-01S1)
  • Kaiser Permanente Center for Gun Violence Research and Education

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