In Silico and In Vitro Studies of 4-Hydroxycoumarin-Based Heterocyclic Enamines as Potential Anti-Tumor Agents

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Abstract
The present study reports the one-step synthesis of several 3-formyl-4-hydroxycouramin-derived enamines (4a–4i) in good yields (65–94%). The characterization of the synthesized compounds was carried out via advanced analytical and spectroscopic techniques, such as melting point, electron impact mass spectrometry (EI-MS), 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, elemental analysis, FTIR, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The reaction conditions were optimized, and the maximum yield was obtained at 3–4 h of reflux of the reactants, using 2-butanol as a solvent. The potato disc tumor assay was used to assess Agrobacterium tumefaciens-induced tumors to evaluate the anti-tumor activities of compounds (4a–4i), using Vinblastine as a standard drug. The compound 4g showed the lowest IC50 value (1.12 ± 0.2), which is even better than standard Vinblastine (IC50 7.5 ± 0.6). For further insight into their drug actions, an in silico docking of the compounds was also carried out against the CDK-8 protein. The binding energy values of compounds were found to agree with the experimental results. The compounds 4g and 4h showed the best affinities toward protein, with a binding energy value of −6.8 kcal/mol.
Funding Information
  • Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2232021G-04, 19ZR1471100)
  • Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (2232021G-04, 19ZR1471100)
  • C.L. lab, Donghua University, China (2232021G-04, 19ZR1471100)

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