CameraTrapDetectoR: Automatically detect, classify, and count animals in camera trap images using artificial intelligence

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Abstract
Motion-activated wildlife cameras, or camera traps, are widely used in biological monitoring of wildlife. Studies using camera traps amass large numbers of images and analyzing these images can be a large burden that inhibits research progress. We trained deep learning computer vision models using data for 168 species that automatically detect, count, and classify common North American domestic and wild species in camera trap images. We provide our trained models in an R package, CameraTrapDetectoR. Three types of models are available: a taxonomic class model classifies objects as mammal (human and non-human) or avian; a taxonomic family model that recognizes 31 mammal, avian, and reptile families; a species model that recognizes 75 domestic and wild species including all North American wild cat species, bear species, and Canid species. Each model also includes a category for vehicles and empty images. The models performed well on both validation datasets and out-of-distribution testing datasets as mean average precision values ranged from 0.80 to 0.96. CameraTrapDetectoR provides predictions as an R object (a data frame) and flat file and provides the option to create plots of the original camera trap image with the predicted bounding box and label. There is also the option to apply models using a Shiny Application, with a point-and-click graphical user interface. This R package has the potential to facilitate application of deep learning models by biologists using camera traps.

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