The Effects of Calcium Nitrite and Mix Design on the Corrosion Resistance of Steel in Concrete (Part 2, Long-Term) Results

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Abstract
The excellent corrosion resistance of steel in concrete is affected adversely by chloride ions. In this work, we present the long-term results of experiments that were initiated in 1984 and first reported in 1985. The effects of calcium nitrite corrosion inhibitor, cement factor, water to cement ratio, and tricalcium aluminate concentration on the corrosion resistance of reinforcing steel embedded as a function of time are documented. Results of polarization resistance a.c impedance measurements of specimens partially submerged in 3% sodium chloride are presented as a function of time. Additionally, chloride analyses of the concrete and visual observations of the steel over time are also presented. The results are in good agreement with long-term observations on concrete structures. The main findings are that calcium nitrite is an effective corrosion inhibitor, which gives very good performance at w/c ratios under 0.5, and always improves corrosion resistance; and that the electrochemical testing techniques accurately predict the degree of corrosion that has occurred and are non destructive.

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