Effect of ionospheric irregularities on accuracy of dual-frequency GPS systems

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Abstract
The residual error of the ionospheric correction of signals from dual frequency GPS systems, related to a ray deviation in random ionospheric irregularities, is studied. The formulas taking into account ray deviation from a straight line in an inhomogeneous ionosphere have been obtained based on the disturbance theory when solving the ray equations. These formulas have been used to estimate the extreme accuracy of a dual frequency GPS method. The algorithm for correcting this ionospheric error of the second order using three-frequency reception has been proposed.