Cytotoxic Nitrobenzoyl Sesquiterpenoids from an Antarctica Sponge-Derived Aspergillus insulicola

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Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive neoplastic diseases of the pancreas with fatal proliferation and metastasis and no medicine available for treatment. From an Antarctica sponge-derived fungus, Aspergillus insulicola HDN151418, four new nitrobenzoyl sesquiterpenoids, namely, insulicolides D–G (1–4), were isolated. Compounds 3 and 4 exhibited selective inhibition against human PDAC cell lines. Further studies indicated that compound 4 could significantly suppress cell proliferation to induce apoptosis and blocked migration and invasion of PDAC cells. Compound 4 could also avoid resistance and improved the therapeutic effect of the chemotherapy drug gemcitabine. A preliminary mechanism study showed that compound 4 can significantly inhibit the expression of EGFR and XIAP in PDAC cells. Altogether, 4 is a potential lead compound for anti-PDAC drug research.
Funding Information
  • Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2018YFC1406705, 2019YFC0312504)
  • Shandong Province (tsqn201812021)
  • Central University Basic Research Fund of China (201941001)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (41876216, 81991522, U1906212)
  • Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2019ZD18, ZR2020KC002)

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