In vitro testing of calcium phosphate (HA, TCP, and biphasic HA‐TCP) whiskers

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Abstract
Calcium phosphate [single‐phase hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), single‐phase tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP, Ca3(PO4)2), and biphasic HA‐TCP] whiskers were formed by using a novel microwave‐assisted molten salt mediated process. Aqueous solutions containing NaNO3, HNO3, Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, and KH2PO4 (with or without urea) were used as starting reagents. These solutions were irradiated in a household microwave oven for 5 min. As‐recovered precursors were then simply stirred in water at room temperature for 1 h to obtain the whiskers of the desired calcium phosphate (CaP) bioceramics. These whiskers were evaluated, respectively, in vitro by (1) soaking those in synthetic body fluid (SBF) solutions at 37°C for one week, and (2) performing cell attachment and total protein assay tests on the neat whiskers by using a mouse osteoblast cell line (7F2). β‐TCP, HA, and HA‐TCP biphasic whiskers were all found to possess apatite‐inducing ability when soaked in SBF. SBF‐soaked whiskers were found to have BET surface areas ranging from 45 to 112 m2/g. Although the osteoblast viability and protein concentrations were found to be the highest on the neat HA whiskers, cells were attached and proliferated on all the whiskers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006

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