Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Dementia in Older Japanese Adults

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Abstract
With population aging, dementia is a major public health concern globally.1,2 Approximately 47 million people had dementia in 2015 worldwide, and this number is expected to triple by 2050.2 To address the dementia epidemic, an appropriate evidence-based prevention strategy is needed. A recent review2 examined the life-course model of the contributions of modifiable risk factors associated with dementia, including education, hearing loss, hypertension, obesity, smoking, depression, physical inactivity, social isolation, and diabetes. In that model, education showed the second highest percentage in terms of the contribution to the onset of dementia,2 suggesting that childhood environment is crucial to developing enough cognitive reserve to prevent dementia.3 Previous studies4,5 reported that childhood poverty is associated with cognitive impairment, perhaps mediated by individual’s educational path. However, the associations between dementia and adverse childhood experiences other than education and poverty are not well documented.

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