High-Spatial Resolution Raman-Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Using Differential Pulsewidth Pair Detection

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Abstract
The existing kilometer-level Raman-distributed optical fiber sensing mechanism encounters a physical bottleneck as its spatial resolution is limited to several meters, due to the pulse width of more than ten nanoseconds in the principle of optical time-domain reflection (OTDR). In this work, we propose a differential pulse-width pair detection scheme (DPPDS) for Raman-distributed optical fiber sensing. First, we examined the transmission and superposition effect of pulse-pair detection in the sensing fiber and developed the theoretical model. It proved that the differential pulse-width pair sensing demodulation effectively extracted small temperature signals from the ambient temperature. Further, the experiment results depict the proposed scheme can achieve a 0.38 m spatial resolution over 6.0 km. As far as we know, this is the highest sensing spatial resolution achieved by kilometer-level Raman-distributed optical fiber sensing. This study provides a new research idea to improve the sensing spatial resolution of most distributed optical fiber sensing schemes based on the OTDR positioning principle.
Funding Information
  • Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province (202103021223042)
  • National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFF0715700)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (62075151, 62105234, 62205234, U23A20375)

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