Eco-friendly analytical method for direct determination of molecular iodine in kerosene

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Abstract
A great fraction of global iodine production involves the solvent extraction (SX) of iodine from mother liquors. Therefore, a green analytical method for the direct determination of molecular iodine in kerosene was developed and validated using UV–Vis molecular absorption spectrophotometry. Resublimed iodine (≥99.8%) was employed as the analyte, and industrial kerosene (Escaid™ 110) as the solvent. The method was optimized to account for the high reactivity and volatility of iodine, with careful handling, refrigeration, and ultrasonic-assisted dissolution to ensure accurate standard preparation. Validation was performed in accordance with Inmetro, ANVISA, and ASTM E2857 guidelines, assessing selectivity, linearity, working range, detection and quantification limits, recovery, and precision. A wavelength of 521 nm was selected based on the absorption spectrum, and linearity was demonstrated across 0.005–0.55 g·L⁻¹ with R² = 0.998. Recovery values ranged from 97% to 103%, and relative standard deviations were below 5%, confirming both accuracy and precision. The method exhibited negligible interference from potassium iodide, a potential contaminant in industrial processes, such as solvent extraction. Overall, the proposed approach is rapid, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly, providing a reliable tool for monitoring iodine in kerosene during SX processes and supporting process optimization at an industrial scale.

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