N-Doped Graphene–VO2(B) Nanosheet-Built 3D Flower Hybrid for Lithium Ion Battery

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Abstract
Recently, we have shown that the graphene–VO2(B) nanotube hybrid is a promising lithium ion battery cathode material (Nethravathi et al. Carbon, 2012, 50, 4839–4846). Though the observed capacity of this material was quite satisfactory, the rate capability was not. To improve the rate capability we wanted to prepare a graphene–VO2(B) hybrid in which the VO2(B) would be built on 2D nanosheets that would enable better electrode–electrolyte contact. Such a material, a N-doped graphene–VO2(B) nanosheet-built 3D flower hybrid, is fabricated by a single-step hydrothermal reaction within a mixture of ammonium vanadate and colloidal dispersion of graphite oxide. The 3D VO2(B) flowers which are uniformly distributed on N-doped graphene are composed of ultrathin 2D nanosheets. When used in lithium ion batteries, this material exhibits a large capacity, high rate capability, and excellent cycling stability. The enhanced performance results from its unique features: excellent electronic conductivity associated with the N-doped graphene, short transportation length for lithium ions related to ultrathin nanosheets, and improved charge transfer due to the anchoring of the VO2(B) flowers to N-doped graphene.

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