Synthesis of Hexagonal Yb3+,Er3+‐Doped NaYF4 Nanocrystals at Low Temperature

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Abstract
Nanocrystals of NaYF4 doped with Yb3+ and Er3+ are synthesized in oleylamine using Y2(CO3)3, Yb2(CO3)3, Er2(CO3)3, Na2CO3, and NH4F as precursors. In contrast to other starting materials normally used for such syntheses, these precursors react even at room temperature to form hexagonal‐phase (β‐phase) NaYF4:Er,Yb nanoparticles. Cubic‐phase (α‐phase) NaYF4:Yb,Er particles are formed only at elevated temperatures (>250 °C). The formation of the cubic phase at high temperatures can be suppressed by replacing pure oleylamine with oleic acid/oleylamine mixtures. Under optimized reaction conditions, particles with an average particle size of about 7 nm are generated in 84% yield. Heat treatment (30 min, 280 °C) of the particles significantly increases the luminescence efficiency. A transparent solution of the heat‐treated, nanometer‐sized phosphor in toluene shows intense visible light emission upon excitation in the near infrared.

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