BEACH QUALITY: LET'S NOT OVERLOOK FUNGAL SAND CONTAMINATION

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Abstract
Fungi are eukaryotic organisms found worldwide, exhibiting rich enzymatic activity that enables their survival in diverse ecological conditions and various environmental niches. The objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive review of research on fungi contamination in beach sand. Key aspects investigated included organism diversity, factors influencing occurrence and quantity, and a comparison of commonly used methods for sand sample collection. To evaluate beach sand contamination by fungi, a literature search was conducted in June 2022. A wide variety of fungi is present in beach sands, including potentially pathogenic species, with many belonging to the genera Candida and Aspergillus. Several environmental variables were found to be associated with fungi presence. While sampling methodologies varied among studies, a degree of standardization was observed, with minimal variation. Continuous monitoring and disseminating information are crucial for ensuring the safety of beachgoers and aiding public managers in decision-making processes. Keywords: urban beach, beach sand, environmental parameters, fungi sampling methodology, mycological contamination.

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