Familial Confounding of the Association Between Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Offspring Criminality
Open Access
- 1 May 2010
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Medical Association (AMA) in Archives of General Psychiatry
- Vol. 67 (5) , 529-538
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy (SDP) has consistently been linked with disruptive behaviors in offspring,1-4 including parent-reported conduct problems,5,6 diagnoses of oppositional defiant7 and conduct disorders,8-10 and arrest history from national crime registries.11,12 Reviews have noted that the associations are consistent with a causal connection because they are specific to disruptive behaviors (and related constructs), have been found across diverse samples and using different measures, demonstrate a dose-response relationship, and are commensurate with findings from basic research, including animal studies.1,2,13Keywords
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