Droop-Inspired Nonlinear Control of a DC Microgrid for Integration of Electrical Mobility Providing Ancillary Services to the AC Main Grid

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Abstract
The present paper describes an Electric Vehicle (EV) charging station that provides ancillary services to the main AC grid, as for example frequency support and synthetic inertia. Due to the Direct Current (DC) nature of these loads and the easier integration of renewable energies, a DC Microgrid is considered to power the charging station. Targeting both DC grid voltage stability and the capability to support the main AC grid, nonlinear control laws based on Lyapunov theory and backstepping are developed for local and primary control levels (droop control). The proposed controllers are validated via Matlab-Simulink simulations in a 25 kW DC Microgrid with PV production, Vehicle to Grid (V2G) mode of operation, fast and slow vehicle charge, ancillary services to the AC main grid and islanded mode operation.

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